At a glance: Learn about the AppsFlyer attribution link structure and parameters.
Overview
Attribution links allow advertisers to collect data about user engagement with an ad. Attribution links are placed behind ads and notify AppsFlyer when users engage with an ad. The engagement can occur via a click on an ad or when a user views an ad impression. A copy of the attribution URL is sent to AppsFlyer.
Attribution links are generated using OneLink or a single-platform link.
OneLink
OneLink is a single link that can be used across devices, operating systems, channels, or platforms.
Select OneLink when:
- You want a single link for all platforms.
- Deep linking capabilities are required.
- You want to use Android App Links or iOS Universal Links to open the app.
Single-platform link
Single-platform links are links that work with a particular platform. For example, a single platform link created for iOS doesn't work with Android.
Select single-platform link when:
- You only use a single platform. For example, Android and not iOS.
- You only use URI schemes to open the app.
For both OneLink and single-platform links parameters with additional data relating to engagements are included in the link. The available parameters are listed in the tables that follow.
Considerations
Single-platform links must contain the minimum information required to record the click:
- AppsFlyer endpoint: app.appsflyer.com
- app_id: Unique identifier in the AppsFlyer platform. This usually follows the format of ID in the Apple App Store or Google Play.
- media_source: the identifier, allocated by AppsFlyer, to the media source placing the ad
- Example:
https://app.appsflyer.com/{app_id}?pid={media_source}
Attribution link parameters
- The parameters listed are available for use in the attribution link.
- The value field type column is the character limit of the parameter value. Find more about limitations on the length of parameter values here.
The following table can be downloaded as a .csv file.
| Parameter | Display name in raw data | Description |
Field type and length |
|---|---|---|---|
| pid | Media Source | Uniquely identifies an AppsFlyer integrated partner. Don't change it. More details. |
String 50 |
| c | Campaign | Provided by the advertiser/publisher. Campaign names that exceed 100 characters in length are displayed on the dashboard as "c_name_exceeded_max_length" |
String 100 |
|
af_prt |
Partner |
|
String 50 |
|
af_mp |
N/A |
|
|
|
clickid |
N/A |
Ad network unique click identifier |
|
|
af_siteid |
Site ID |
|
String 24 |
|
af_sub_siteid |
Sub Site ID |
|
String 50 |
|
af_c_id |
Campaign ID |
Provided by the advertiser/publisher |
String 24 |
|
af_adset |
Adset |
|
String 100 |
|
af_adset_id |
Adset ID |
Provided by the advertiser/publisher |
String 24 |
|
af_ad |
Ad |
Ad Name (see more) provided by the advertiser/publisher |
String 100 |
|
af_ad_id |
Ad ID | Provided by the advertiser/publisher |
String 24 |
|
af_ad_type |
Ad type |
Use the following naming convention:
|
String 24 |
|
af_click_lookback |
Attribution lookback window |
Note: Only affects click URLs and not impression URLs. |
3 char max |
|
af_viewthrough_ |
N/A |
Note: Only affects impression URLs and not click URLs |
3 char max |
|
af_channel |
Channel |
The media source channel through which the ads are distributed, for example, UAC_Search, UAC_Display, Instagram, Facebook Audience Network, etc. |
Dynamic Enum. String 20 |
|
af_keywords |
Keywords |
Keywords list for text-targeted campaigns |
String 100 |
|
af_cost_model |
Cost model |
|
String 20 |
|
af_cost_currency |
Cost currency |
|
Enum. 3 char |
|
af_cost_value |
Cost value |
|
String 20 |
|
af_sub[n] (n=1-5) example: af_sub1 |
Sub param [n] |
Optional custom parameter defined by the advertiser. For more information about the usage of these parameters, check the FAQ section. |
String 100 |
| af_r | N/A |
Used in single-platform links to redirect users to the specified URL for both platforms (Android and iOS). Note:
|
|
| af_web_dp | N/A |
URL to redirect desktop (for example, Windows or Mac) users to a different web page than configured in the OneLink template. Use this to keep attribution data of desktop users on other platforms (for example, Google Analytics or Omniture) Note: If you have an active Redirect allowlist, ensure the domain of this URL is in the list. |
|
| af_dp | N/A | The URI scheme fallback value to launch the app, to be used if the Universal Link or Android App Link method fails, and for Android users below 6.0. It should only point to the base path, i.e. the default activity. | |
| af_force_deeplink | N/A | Force deep linking into the activity specified in af_dp value | |
| af_ref | N/A |
Ad networks working with S2S clicks can send a unique referrer value using the following parameter: &af_ref=ReferrerValue
The af_ref value must consist of a unique value, structured as follows:
NetworkName_UniqueClickValueForEachClick
Example: af_ref=networkname_123456789ABCDEF
The network name can be any valid string. It can be networkname_int or just network name.
AppsFlyer may use this parameter for attribution in Android devices. AppsFlyer doesn't use this parameter for attribution in iOS or Windows devices.
|
|
| is_incentivized | N/A |
Boolean: true/false
Incentivized or non-incentivized campaigns
|
|
| af_param_ forwarding |
N/A |
|
|
| af_os | OS version | [For iOS only] The device operating system version | |
| af_model | iOS model type |
[For iOS only] The device model. Values permitted:
|
|
| af_media_type | Media type |
Placement of the ad carrying the link as follows:
|
|
| deep_link_sub1-10 | N/A |
Additional deep link values. Developers implement the desired behavior of the values in the code. |
|
| deep_link_value | N/A |
The name for the specific in-app content that users will be directed to. Developers implement the desired behavior of the deep_link_value in the code. |
|
| af_og_title | N/A |
Title for the link preview when posted to social media |
|
| af_og_description | N/A |
Description for the link preview when posted to social media |
|
| af_og_image | N/A |
Image for the link preview when posted to social media |
| Parameter | Display name in raw data | Description |
Field type and width |
|---|---|---|---|
|
is_retargeting |
Is Retargeting (campaign) | The click URL of all retargeting campaigns must include &is_retargeting=true.If the parameter is not included or its value is "false," the campaign is considered as a regular user acquisition campaign. |
Enum 5 char |
|
af_reengagement_window |
Re-engagement window |
Change the re-engagement attribution window by adding this parameter to the attribution link. The possible window range options are:
Default value: 30 days Example: |
N/A |
Ad type parameters
Depending on the ad type, you can also send the relevant viewability parameter detailing the specifications of the engagement. Below is a list of possible values for “af_ad_type” along with the expected viewability parameters.
| Parameter | Value format | Description |
|---|---|---|
| af_video_total_length | seconds | The total possible duration of the video |
| af_video_played_length | seconds | How much of the video was viewed |
| af_playable_played_length | seconds | How long the playable element was played once fully loaded |
| af_ad_time_viewed | seconds | How long the ad unit was visible on the screen |
| af_ad_displayed_percent | % | The maximum percentage of the ad unit that was visible on the device screen |
| af_audio_total_length | seconds | The total possible duration of the audio |
| af_audio_played_length | seconds | How much of the audio was heard |
Android-specific parameters
| Parameter | Display name in raw data | Description |
Field type |
|---|---|---|---|
|
advertising_id |
Advertising ID |
Google Advertising ID - Requires ad network support |
40 char max |
|
sha1_advertising_id |
N/A |
Google Advertising ID hashed with SHA1 - Requires ad network support |
|
|
md5_advertising_id |
N/A |
Google Advertising ID hashed with MD5 - Requires ad network support |
Supported with installs and re-attributions only |
|
android_id |
Android ID |
Device Android_id - Requires ad network support |
20 char max |
|
sha1_android_id |
N/A |
Device Android_id hashed with SHA1 - Requires ad network support |
|
|
md5_android_id |
N/A |
Device Android_id hashed with MD5 - Requires ad network support |
Supported with installs and re-attributions only |
|
imei |
IMEI |
Device IMEI ID |
|
|
sha1_imei |
N/A |
Device IMEI ID hashed with SHA1 - Requires ad network support |
|
|
md5_imei |
N/A |
Device IMEI ID hashed with MD5 - Requires ad network support |
|
|
oaid |
OAID |
Open Anonymous Device Identifier |
Available as of Android SDK version 4.10.3 |
|
sha1_oaid |
N/A |
Open Anonymous Device Identifier hashed with SHA1 - Requires ad network support |
Available as of Android SDK version 4.10.3 |
|
md5_oaid |
N/A | Open Anonymous Device Identifier hashed with MD5 - Requires ad network support | Available as of Android SDK version 4.10.3 |
|
af_android_url |
N/A |
Redirect Android users to a different URL than the app page on Google Play. Use for third-party app stores. Note: If you have an active Redirect allowlist, ensure the domain of this URL is in the list. |
|
|
sha1_el |
N/A |
Used for desktop to mobile attribution - email hashed with SHA1. Requires ad network support |
|
|
fire_advertising_id |
N/A |
Amazon Fire Advertising ID |
|
iOS specific parameters
| Parameters | Display Name | Description |
|---|---|---|
|
idfa |
IDFA |
Use upper case. Requires ad network support Field type: 40 char max |
|
idfv |
IDFV | Use upper case. |
|
af_ios_url |
Redirect iOS (iPhone or iPad) users to a different URL than the app page on iTunes |
Use this for landing page redirections. Note: If you have an active Redirect allowlist, ensure the domain of this URL is in the list. |
| af_ios_store_cpp |
Custom product page ID (ppid) |
|
|
af_ios_fallback [deprecated] |
N/A |
Deprecated: Users are redirected based on the iOS URI scheme flow. |
|
sha1_idfa |
N/A |
IDFA hashed with SHA1. Requires ad network support |
|
sha1_idfv |
N/A |
IDFV hashed with SHA1 |
|
mac |
N/A |
Device mac address. Requires ad network support |
|
md5_idfv |
N/A |
IDFV hashed with MD5 |
|
sha1_mac |
N/A |
Device mac address hashed with SHA1. Requires ad network support |
Example
https://app.appsflyer.com/{app_id}/?pid=airpush_int&c=RedBanner&
af_siteid={publisher_id}&af_sub1=1.5&af_sub2=USD&af_sub3=burst_campaignAll parameters are available in the Install report and the Analytics, Reports, and APIs.
Custom parameters
In addition to default Android-specific and iOS-specific parameters, you can also specify custom parameters. These custom parameters can help you if you wish to customize the user experience and content according to the attribution link that leads to an install.
You can append custom parameters to the attribution link in the format parameter=value. For example:
https://app.appsflyer.com/com.greatapp?pid=networkx_int&c=winter&af_adset=coats&af_ad=cashmere&my_custom_param=my_custom_valueTwo important things to know about custom parameters:
- Custom parameters don't appear in raw data.
- Custom parameters can be retrieved from the get conversion data SDK API.
Partner ID (PID) parameter
Among all available attribution link parameters, PID is mandatory. The PID is the unique identifier of the media source allocated by AppsFlyer.
Each integrated partner has their own unique PID value. The PID ends with the _int suffix. When using custom attribution links you can set the PID to any value you prefer, as long as it's not reserved by an integrated partner. To avoid a conflict, don't use the _int suffix.
Examples of important integrated publisher IDs: organic, googleadwords_int (Google AdWords), Facebook ads, and Twitter. You can use any name for non-integrated sources like email, SMS, or mail pigeons.
Avoid common PID issues
- Always include PID in your attribution links. Without the PID on the attribution link, the user is automatically attributed to a "None" media source and the original installation source is gone.
- For Custom Sources, use non-integrated partner PIDs. For each integrated source, use only the designated PID for the correct attribution of its installs. For any custom media source, such as email, SMS, or even viral unpaid posts on Facebook use other, non-integrated PID values.
- Use only legal characters. If the PID parameter in the Attribution Link contains one of the following characters ":<>*&?/" - the click/install appears in the dashboard under invalid_media_source_name.
Tip
Avoid using white spaces in the PID value, or make sure to URL encode your attribution links before using them.
Site ID parameter
The site ID is the unique identifier of the publisher serving the ad. In other words, the website or app displaying the ad. Ad networks allocate unique site IDs for each publisher.
This ID is included in the af_siteid parameter passed to AppsFlyer in the attribution link and is made available via the various dashboards, reporting options, and postbacks from AppsFlyer.
The site ID must be passed to AppsFlyer in the attribution link because it:
- Provides clarity and transparency about the publisher
- Is used by AppsFlyer to identify and eliminate fraudulent publishers, and other traffic clusters.
The site ID parameter only includes the ID of the publisher that serves the ad.
To include additional information, such as ad type, placement, or both within the app, for example, banner, interstitial, or video, use the sub-site ID parameter.
Example
The following attribution link includes:
af_siteid(site ID): Publisher IDaf_sub_siteid(sub-site ID): Additional ID info (in this case, an affiliate source and ad type placement)
https://app.appsflyer.com/com.yourapp?pid=mediaName_int&clickid={clickid}&advertising_id={gaid}&af_siteid=1234&af_sub_siteid=ABCD_4567
In the example link:
- 1234 = Publisher ID
- ABCD = Affiliate source (sub-publisher) that the publisher is working with
- 4567 = Ad type placement within the app, such as banner, interstitial, or video
FAQ: Why does traffic result in many blocked installs?
Blocked installs can be due to the following:
- Missing site ID: The
af_siteidparameter is empty in the click URL. Engagements sent with an empty Site ID signify either a technical issue or an intentional attempt to bypass fraud detection mechanisms. - Multiple site IDs: The same publisher is sent on multiple click URLs, using different site IDs. This is considered fraudulent behavior that masks the real publisher activity and is often associated with click flooding.
- Site ID formatted incorrectly: Sending the wrong format, combined with other fraud indications, could result in blocking not only the specific publisher, but also of a higher cluster level, and might impact greater volumes of the partner activity.
To avoid blocked installs, make sure you send a single site ID parameter per publisher, as shown in the example.
Levels of data granularity
You can use up to four URL parameters to deep dive into your ads' performance.
Using all 4 parameters on all your active attribution links enables you to:
- Attribute all user installs and events to specific ads
- Drill down and compare the performance of all your ads per ad set, per campaign, and per media source on aggregated reports to optimize on every level
- Compare all of your ads across all media sources on the raw data reports and Pivot table
The parameters are:
Media source (pid=)campaign name (c=)Ad set (af_adset=)Ad name (af_ad=)
Example
The following attribution link uses 4 levels of granularity to record the "cashmere" ad in the "coats" ad set in the "winter" campaign running on the integrated "network" media source.
https://app.appsflyer.com/com.greatapp?pid=networkx_int&c=winter&
af_adset=coats&af_ad=cashmereTraits and limitations
| Trait | Remarks |
|---|---|
| Special characters |
|
| URL character limit |
|
FAQ
Should I use lower or upper case letters for parameters
You can use either, but you must be consistent. If you set a custom parameter with upper or lower case characters, make sure always to use that parameter.
For example, if you set pid=MyMediaSource, make sure always to use it. If you use pid=MyMediaSource on one attribution link and pid=mymediasource on another, discrepancies in data might occur. The same goes for any other param that you set on the attribution link.
Is the AppsFlyer attribution link dynamic or static?
How can you tell if a link is dynamic or static?
If the attribution link contains parameters, it's a long pre-defined attribution link, and therefore static.
Only short URLs (for example,
yourbrand.onelink.me/HaT8/r5c2b371), used for custom attribution links, are dynamic.This means that once you start using an attribution link for an integrated partner, or a long URL for owned media, it would not change for any leads engaging with it, even if you change the attribution link values in the AppsFlyer dashboard. For the change to take place, you must use the new long URL going forward.
On the other hand, short URLs for owned media, don't directly contain parameters. When a lead engages with an AppsFlyer short URL, the lead is redirected to AppsFlyer and the current set parameters take place dynamically.
What is this Play Store error message?
If you ever encounter the following error message in the Play Store after following an attribution Link:
https://app.appsflyer.com/com.travelco?pid=globalwide_int&clickid=#reqid#Usually, these characters are in the link because they are macros, and are dynamically replaced by a value, so it is not a really big problem and you can ignore the message.
What are subscriber parameters good for?
Example
A hail ride app, Luber, has creatives with 3 color templates: blue, yellow, and red. Luber's mobile marketer, Linda, wants to test which color template brings in more installs. To do so she adds &af_sub3=blue in the attribution links of all the blue ads across ALL non-SRN media sources. The same is done for the yellow and red ads as well. With this information parsed and appearing in the raw data reports, Linda is able to analyze the success of the different colored ads and pick the best converting one.
What is the maximum length for a campaign name?
c_name_exceeded_max_lengthTip
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